Table 2.
Odds ratio and 95% confidential interval of cardiometabolic disease risk factors and high CVD risk according to sex-specific LF/TF ratio tertiles in adults
| LF/TF ratio | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Highest tertile | Second tertile | Lowest tertile | |
| Risk factor | |||
| Obesitya | 1 (referent) | 3.72 (3.33–4.15) | 7.67 (6.81–8.23) |
| Central obesityb | 1 (referent) | 4.29 (3.83–4.82) | 9.22 (8.16–10.42) |
| Hypertension | 1 (referent) | 2.05 (1.80–2.34) | 3.57 (3.14–4.07) |
| Diabetes | 1 (referent) | 2.88 (2.19–3.78) | 8.89 (6.87–11.50) |
| Hyper LDL-cholesterolemiac | 1 (referent) | 2.14 (1.76–2.60) | 2.72 (2.23–3.32) |
| Hypo HDL-cholesterolemiad | 1 (referent) | 1.92 (1.76–2.11) | 2.91 (2.64–3.22) |
| Hypertriglyceridemiae | 1 (referent) | 3.01 (2.69–3.37) | 6.14 (5.46–6.90) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 1 (referent) | 4.06 (3.53–4.67) | 11.24 (9.78–12.93) |
| Chronic kidney diseasef | 1 (referent) | 1.97 (1.30–2.99) | 2.57 (1.73–3.81) |
| Albuminuriag | 1 (referent) | 2.03 (1.21–3.41) | 2.64 (1.57–4.44) |
| High ACC/AHA ASCVD risk | |||
| Crude | 1 (referent) | 2.53 (2.25–2.84) | 6.25 (5.60–6.98) |
| Model 1 | 1 (referent) | 1.95 (1.56–2.44) | 3.69 (2.98–4.57) |
| Model 2 | 1 (referent) | 1.65 (1.30–2.08) | 2.91 (2.31–3.66) |
| Model 3 | 1 (referent) | 1.26 (0.92–1.71) | 1.85 (1.36–2.52) |
| High Framingham CVD risk | |||
| Crude | 1 (referent) | 2.48 (2.16–2.84) | 6.32 (5.56–7.18) |
| Model 1 | 1 (referent) | 1.96 (1.61–2.39) | 4.09 (3.39–4.94) |
| Model 2 | 1 (referent) | 1.70 (1.38–2.09) | 3.21 (2.63–3.92) |
| Model 3 | 1 (referent) | 1.43 (1.07–1.91) | 2.37 (1.79–3.15) |
| High Korean CHD risk | |||
| Crude | 1 (referent) | 3.43 (2.30–5.13) | 7.98 (5.48–11.63) |
| Model 1 | 1 (referent) | 2.47 (1.59–3.82) | 4.08 (2.69–6.17) |
| Model 2 | 1 (referent) | 2.39 (1.52–3.75) | 3.64 (2.37–5.60) |
| Model 3 | 1 (referent) | 1.94 (1.11–3.38) | 2.57 (1.52–4.37) |
Risk factors are adjusted for age, sex, exercise, smoking, and alcohol drinking
Model 1: adjusted for age, and sex
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, exercise, smoking, alcohol drink, and BMI
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, exercise, smoking, alcohol drink, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hyper LDL-cholesterolemia, eGFR, and menopause
a Obesity was defined BMI ≥25 kg/m2
b Central obesity was defined waist circumference ≥90 cm in men, ≥85 cm in women
c Hyper LDL-cholesterolemia was characterized as calculated LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL
d Hypo HDL-cholesterolemia was defined as serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men, and <50 mg/dL for women
e Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or taking triglyceride lowering agents
f Chronic kidney disease was defined if subjects had an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
g Albuminuria was characterized urine albumin-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g or urine protein ≥2 positive. The LF/TF ratio tertile was newly categorized in 819 subjects with urine test results