Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of study population and inter-group difference significance levels (Mann–Whitney)

	Insulin non-resistant (n = 30)		Insulin resistant (n = 28)		Significance (p value)
Age (years)	62 ± 5	(55–69)	63 ± 4	(55–70)	0.33
MMSE, total score	29 ± 1	(25–30)	29 ± 1	(25–30)	0.44
BMI (kg/m2)	28.9 ± 1.8	(27.1–35.2)	30.1 ± 2.3	(27.1–36.0)	0.02*
APOE genotype (count, % ε4+)	13	43.3%	10	35.7%	0.56
Matsuda	9.1 ± 3.1	(6.4–17.2)	2.1 ± 0.3	(1.5–2.5)	0.00*
P-glucose (mmol/l)	5.7 ± 0.4	(4.8–6.7)	6.0 ± 0.6	(5.1–7.4)	0.12
P-insulin (mU/l), LIAISON	7.7 ± 3.8	(1.5–19.5)	19.6 ± 8.1	(8.0–43.2)	0.00*
P-insulin (mU/l), ELISA	5.4 ± 2.5	(1.4–12.3)	13.9 ± 6.3	(5.9–31.6)	0.00*
CSF insulin (mU/l), ELISA	0.15 ± 0.12	(0.10–0.64)	0.22 ± 0.15	(0.1–0.7)	0.00*
Aβ-42 (pg/ml), Fujirebio	856 ± 195	(530–1256)	888 ± 204	(531–1313)	0.59
T-tau (pg/ml), Fujirebio	256 ± 122	(107–670)	283 ± 110	(144–694)	0.16
P-tau (pg/ml), Fujirebio	44 ± 18	(20–105)	52 ± 28	(25–183)	0.10
CSF Aβ/tau	3.75 ± 1.0	(0.87-6.12)	3.38 ± 0.9	(1.31-5.04)	0.13

Data presented as mean ± SD (minimum–maximum) or as count (percentage) for the categorical variable (APOE ε4 status)

MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, BMI body mass index, APOE apolipoprotein E, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ amyloid beta, T-tau total tau, P-tau tau phosphorylated at the Thr181 epitope

*Significant at p < 0.05