Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the sample.
| Characteristics |
BD
(n= 86) |
BD with PSU
(n= 63) |
BD with AUD
(n=69) |
F or χ2 | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDI: n (%) | 42 (48.83) |
23 (36.50) |
19 (27.53) |
7.48 | 2 | 0.02 |
| Age at onset of illness: mean ± (SD) | 26.33 (9.81) |
27.92 (10.08) |
31.54 (8.24) |
4.26 | 2 | 0.01 |
| Depressive onset of illness: n (%) | 43 (50.00) |
39 (61.90) |
48 (69.56) |
6.27 | 2 | 0.04 |
| Duration of illness (years): mean± (SD) | 19.56 (12.31) |
15.57 (11.10) |
16.31 (10.90) |
2.28 | 2 | 0.10 |
| Number of episodes: mean± (SD) | 5.15 (3.62) |
6.60 (5.79) |
5.54 (5.12) |
1.51 | 2 | 0.22 |
| Number of hospitalisations: mean± (SD) | 1.89 (2.38) |
3.41 (5.75) |
1.08 (2.47) |
6.39 | 2 | 0.002 |
| HAM-D score: mean ± (SD) | 5.83 (3.25) |
6.11 (3.34) |
10.86 (6.81) |
18.95 | 2 | <0.0001 |
| YMRS score: mean ± (SD) | 3.06 (2.11) |
3.14 (1.87) |
3.62 (2.28) |
0.64 | 2 | 0.52 |
| Drugs: | ||||||
| Antidepressants: n (%) | 31 (36.04) |
23 (36.50) |
13 (18.84) |
6.71 | 2 | 0.03 |
| Mood stabilizers/anticonvulsants: n (%) | 76 (88.37) |
58 (92.06) |
66 (95.65) |
2.69 | 2 | 0.26 |
| Antipsychotics: n (%) | 51 (59.30) |
26 (44.82) |
13 (18.41) |
25.90 | 2 | <0.0001 |
| Benzodiazepines: n (%) | 11 (12.79) |
11 (17.46) |
3 (4.34) |
5.82 | 2 | 0.06 |
Legend: BD = Patients with bipolar disorders; PSU= polysubstance use; AUD= alcohol use disorder; S.D.=Standard deviation; df=Degrees of freedom.