Table 3.

Factors associated with costs of breathlessness (results from generalised linear model regression).

N = 105	Total cost (£)a			Informal care cost (£)a			Healthcare cost (£)a
	β	CILL	CIUL	β	CILL	CIUL	β	CILL	CIUL
EQ-5D index (centred at mean)	5923	−8647	20,493	−6118	−13,171	935	−3070	−6951	811
HADS depression (=1 if high)	578	−8971	10,127	−3741	−14,085	6604	−1417	−3821	988
HADS anxiety (=1 if high)	−1910	−12,194	8373	−3788	−11,859	4283	−1823	−3703	56
LCADL total score	629**	180	1079	411*	61	760	635*	85	1186
POS total score	−366	−1467	736	−24	−817	769	−82	−232	68
CRQ mastery	−5713	−11,833	407	−2569	−5525	388	−226	−963	511
CRQ fatigue	−2062	−6785	2661	−2148	−5429	1133	−118	−751	515
Has carer (=1 if yes)	13,650**	6793	20,507	12,345**	8512	16,178	−492	−2427	1442
FEV1 (% predicted)	−40	−217	136	22	–91	135	−21	−48	5
NRS breathless on exertion	700	−2296	3696	944	−2029	3917	699*	243	1155
Age (centred at mean)	−165	−477	147	−76	−236	85	−36	−87	16
Female (=1 if yes)	−2602	−11,376	6172	−1915	−8627	4798	496	−693	1685
Living situation (ref: lives at home)	45,980	−42,090	134,049	16,844	−9906	43,595	10,771	−13,911	35,452
Cohabitee (ref.: wife/husband)
Partner	−12,376	−24,846	93	-8340**	−14,842	−1837	−587	−3205	2031
Son/daughter	−2271	−14,876	10,334	−2287	−10,334	5760	−223	−2132	1687
Other	−2851	−11,257	5554	1260	−7708	10,227	−689	−2373	994
Diagnosis (ref: COPD)
Cancer	−3098	−8845	2648	−1224	−4848	2401	−1474**	−2397	−551
Interstitial lung disease	−5508	−11,221	205	−2480	−8895	3935	−2256*	−3862	−650
Heart failure	37,077	−1984	76,138	41,871	−1352	85,094	−2297**	−3452	−1143
Other	19,145	−3706	41,997	13,659	−3734	31,051	−831	−2731	1069
Constant	1057**	81	13,837	1**	0	4076	217,597**	10,523	4,499,493
Link function	Log			Log			Log
Family	Gamma			Gaussian			Poisson
Prob. H.L.b	0.49			0.082				0.397

EQ-5D: EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; POS: Palliative care Outcome Scale; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume; NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; LCADL: London Chest Activity of Daily Living; CRQ: Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI_LL: lower limit of confidence interval; CI_UL: upper limit of confidence interval.

^a2014 GBP.

^bThe p value for the modified Hosmer–Lemeshow test.

^*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005.