Fig 1. HIV infection is associated with low proportions of circulating follicular helper T cells (T_FH cells).

Proportions of (A) total follicular-homing CD4 T cells (CXCR5⁺CD4⁺), (B) memory follicular-homing CD4 T cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺CD4⁺), (C) memory T_FH cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺PD1⁺CD4⁺), (D) central memory follicular-homing CD4 T cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺CCR7⁺CD4⁺), (E) effector memory follicular-homing CD4 T cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺CCR7^-CD4⁺), (F) central memory T_FH cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺PD1⁺CCR7⁺CD4⁺) and (G) effector memory T_FH cells (CXCR5⁺CD45RO⁺PD1⁺CCR7^-CD4⁺) as percentages of total CD4 T cells. Each symbol represents a child. High viremia, ≥5000 RNA copies/ml; Low viremia, <5000 RNA copies/ml. Horizontal lines and error bars represent median, 25^th and 75^th percentiles. Red symbols represent HIV-infected children who were not on HAART. Blue symbols represent HAART-treated children. Statistical test: Wilcoxon’s rank sum test.