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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Allergol Int. 2015 Jul 15;64(4):295–303. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.06.001

Table 3.

Immunostimulating effects of mite fecal particles: allergens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPS].

I The dust mite allergen Der p 1 is a cysteine protease:

  1. Increased permeability of the respiratory epithelium because of the enzymatic digestion of the tight junctions

  2. Cleavage of receptors on lymphocytes, such as IL-2 receptor (CD25) and the low affinity receptor for IgE (CD23)

  3. Digestion of other proteins as well as Der p 1 itself to create fragments with altered antigenicity
II Der p 2 is a homolog of the adapter protein MD-2 and can facilitate
LPS-mediated signaling through TLR4
III Other PAMPs and their targets:

  1. Mite DNA – unmethylated DNA can act on TLR 9

  2. Bacterial DNA – unmethylated DNA can act on TLR 9

  3. Endotoxin – Ligand for TLR 4

  4. Chitin – C-type lectin (or FIBCDI)