(A) Cartoon of the two-state model of active transport, consisting of a population of diffusing particles with diffusion coefficient d, and a population of moving particles with velocity c. (B) Cartoon of the four-state model of active transport, consisting of a population of diffusing particles with diffusion coefficient d, a population of particles moving toward the cortex with velocity c+, and one moving toward the nucleus with velocity c−, and a stationary population. To see this figure in color, go online.