Table 1.

Effects of intra‐cerebral microinfusion of RXFP3 receptor ligands

Ligand	Infusion site	Infusion type	Species	Effects observed	References
Agonists
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Sex‐specific increase in feeding with higher food intake induction in females.	(Calvez et al., 2015)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake in female but not male rats. Increased plasma corticosterone in male but not female rats. Increased CRF and c‐fos mRNA in the parvocellular PVN of male but not female rats. Increased CRF mRNA in the BNST of female but not male rats.	(Lenglos et al., 2015)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Decreased anxiety behaviour in elevated plus maze and shock probe‐burying test. Increased locomotion in novel environment indicating reduced stress response.	(Nakazawa et al., 2013)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased plasma ACTH. Increased c‐fos and CRF mRNA in PVN.	(Watanabe et al., 2011a)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake 1 h after infusion.	(McGowan et al., 2007)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Chronic (osmotic minipump for 14 days)	Rat	Increased food consumption and weight gain. Plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin increased.	(Hida et al., 2006)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (third ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased plasma corticosterone.	(McGowan et al., 2014)
Human relaxin‐3	i.c.v. (third ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake 1 h after infusion in satiated rats in early light/dark phase.	(McGowan et al., 2005)
Human relaxin‐3	PVN	Acute	Rat	Increased plasma ACTH, corticosterone and prolactin.	(McGowan et al., 2014)
Human relaxin‐3	PVN	Subchronic (twice daily for 7 days)	Rat	Increased cumulative food intake. Plasma leptin increased. Plasma thyroid stimulating hormone was decreased.	(McGowan et al., 2007)
Human relaxin‐3	PVN	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake 1 h after infusion. Plasma thyroid stimulating hormone was decreased.	(McGowan et al., 2006)
Human relaxin‐3	PVN	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake 1 h after infusion in satiated rats in early light/dark phase.	(McGowan et al., 2006)
Human relaxin‐3 analogue 2	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Increased food intake 1 h after infusion in satiated rats in early light phase.	(Shabanpoor et al., 2012)
R3/I5	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Dose‐dependent increase in locomotion.	(Sutton et al., 2009)
R3/I5	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Chronic (osmotic minipump for 14 days)	Rat	Increased food intake and body weight. Increased epididymal fat, plasma insulin, leptin, adiponectin, plasma testosterone and angiotensinogen. Decreased growth hormone.	(Sutton et al., 2009)
R3/I5	PVN	Chronic (rAAV expression of R3/I5 for 8 weeks)	Rat	Increase in daily food intake and body weight gain.	(Ganella et al., 2013)
R3/I5	Medial septum	Acute	Rat	Increase HC theta power.	(Ma et al., 2009)
R3A(11–24,C15 → A)B	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Mouse	Reduced elevated anxiety induced by FG7142 in light dark box and social interaction test.	(Zhang et al., 2015)
R3A(11–24,C15 → A)B	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Decreased anxiety behaviour in EPM and light/dark box. Decreased depressive‐like behaviour in forced swim test in pretested rats but not experimentally naïve rats.	(Ryan et al., 2013a)
Antagonists
R3(B1–22)R	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Mouse	Increased anxiety behaviour in EPM.	(Zhang et al., 2015)
Human relaxin‐3 analogue 3	i.c.v.(lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Blocked increase in food intake by H3 analogue 2.	(Shabanpoor et al., 2012)
R3(B23–27)R/I5	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Chronic (osmotic minipump for 14 days)	Rat	Plasma growth hormone decreased.	(Sutton et al., 2009)
R3(B23–27)R/I5	Medial septum	Acute	Rat	Decreased HC theta power. Impairs spatial working memory performance in spontaneous alternation task.	(Ma et al., 2009)
R3(B23–27)R/I5	i.c.v. (lateral ventricle)	Acute	Rat	Blocks increase in food intake induced by agonist R3/I5.	(Kuei et al., 2007)