Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 84 patients initially presenting with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC).
| Variables | Emotional stress (n = 24) | Physical stress (n = 60) | p-value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 67.46 ± 8.70 | 67.60 ± 11.78 | 0.95 |
| Female, n (%) | 23 (95.83) | 47 (78.33) | 0.05 |
| Male | 1 (4.16) | 13 (21.66) | 0.06 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Dyspnoe | 2 (8.33) | 32 (53.33) | <0.01 |
| Chest pain | 17 (70.83) | 22 (36.66) | <0.01 |
| Clinic parameter | |||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 135.80 ± 27.97 | 129.87 ± 31.79 | 0.46 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 82.08 ± 13.97 | 76.05 ± 16.33 | 0.25 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 89.90 ± 26.05 | 107.31 ± 28.22 | 0.02 |
| ECG Data, n (%) | |||
| ST-segment elevation | 6 (25.00) | 16 (26.66) | 0.87 |
| Inversed T-Waves | 20 (83.33) | 53 (88.33) | 1.00 |
| PQ-interval | 158.60 ± 26.27 | 155.46 ± 31.28 | 0.69 |
| QTc (ms), mean ± SD | 488.05 ± 57.91 | 477.24 ± 50.30 | 0.42 |
| Laboratory values, mean ± SD | |||
| Troponin I (U/L) | 1.61 ± 1.24 | 4.04 ± 5.73 | 0.06 |
| Creatine phosphokinase (U/L) | 365.18 ± 938.50 | 957.14 ± 3562.46 | 0.44 |
| Creatine phosphokinase myocard type | 19.29 ± 18.98 | 37.61 ± 70.68 | 0.50 |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/l) | 13.71 ± 15.21 | 74.38 ± 97.54 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.79 ± 1.41 | 11.73 ± 2.28 | 0.04 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.97 ± 0.38 | 1.21 ± 0.75 | 1.00 |
| Echocardiography data, n (%) | |||
| LV EF % | 38.67 ± 8.61 | 38.72 ± 9.60 | 0.98 |
| LV EF% at follow-up | 52.30 ± 1.70 | 54.1 ± 1.40 | 1.00 |
| RV-involvement | 5 (20.8) | 14 (23) | 1.00 |
| Apical ballooning | 17 (70.83) | 42 (70.00) | 0.88 |
| Mitral regulation | 13 (54.16) | 27 (45.00) | 0.44 |
| Tricspid regulation | 11 (45.83) | 23 (38.33) | 0.52 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Smoking | 7 (29.16) | 19 (31.66) | 0.82 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (29.16) | 13 (21.66) | 0.46 |
| Obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) | 8 (33.33) | 11 (18.33) | 0.18 |
| Hypertension | 15 (62.50) | 33 (55.00) | 0.53 |
| COPD | 2 (8.33) | 14 (23.33) | 0.13 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (16.66) | 11 (18.33) | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 7 (29.16) | 9 (15.00) | 0.13 |
| History of malignancy | 2 (8.33) | 10 (16.66) | 0.49 |
| Drugs on admission, n (%) | |||
| Beta-blocker | 10 (41.66) | 15 (25.00) | 0.18 |
| ACE inhibitor | 8 (33.33) | 17 (28.33) | 0.80 |
| ARB | 3 (12.50) | 5 (8.33) | 0.69 |
| Digitalis | 0 (0) | 1 (1.66) | 1.00 |
| ASS | 7 (29.16) | 14 (23.33) | 0.70 |
| Anticoagulation | 1 (4.16) | 3 (5.00) | 1.00 |
∗p-values for the comparison between emotional and physical stress group; SD, standard deviation; ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; BMI, body-mass-index, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACE, Angiotensin-converting-enzyme; Angiotensin-receptor-blocker. Bold values mean p < 0.05.