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. 2017 Apr 27;8:163. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00163

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Copyright © 2017 Shelukhina, Mikhailov, Abushik, Nurullin, Nikolsky and Giniatullin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Action of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol on nociceptive firing in the meningeal trigeminal nerves. (A) Representative traces of trigeminal nociceptive firing and average spike shape in control conditions and (B) during application of 250 µM ACh. (C) The time-course of changes of nociceptive spike frequency during application of 50 and 250 µM ACh. (D) The time-course of changes of nociceptive spike frequency during application of 50 and 250 µM carbachol and 250 µM carbachol in the presence of 1 µM atropine. Each time point represents a mean spike frequency for 2 min of recording (mean ± SEM, n = 6–10, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey test, *p < 0.05).