Table 1.
Host and helminth(s) species | Microbiota diversity | Microbiota composition | Changes in host metabolism | Sample site(s) | Population details | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HUMAN | ||||||
T. trichiura | → | n.r. | n.r. | Feces | Rural Ecuadorians | Cooper et al., 2013 |
↓ | Prevotella ↑ | n.r. | Feces | Rural Malaysians | Ramanan et al., 2016 | |
A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm (mixed infections) | ↓ | Streptococcus ↑ | n.r. | Feces | Rural Ecuadorians A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura | Cooper et al., 2013 |
↑ | Prevotellaceae, Mollicutes, Bacteroidales Alphaproteobacteria ↑ | Carbohydrate metabolism ↓ | Feces | Rural Malaysians A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm | Lee et al., 2014 | |
N. americanus | → | n.r. | n.r. | Feces | Healthy volunteers (gluten-free diet; 8 wpi) | Cantacessi et al., 2014 |
↑ | Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidia ↑; Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Firmicutes, Tenericutes ↓ | Gluten tolerance ↑ | Feces | Volunteers with celiac disease (8 wpi), gluten administration in parallel | Giacomin et al., 2015 | |
n.r. | n.r. | SCFA ↑ | Feces | Healthy volunteers (8 wpi) | Zaiss et al., 2015 | |
MACAQUE | ||||||
T. trichiura | ↑ | Cyanobacteria ↓; Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes ↑; bacterial attachment to mucosa ↓ | n.r. | Colon | Chronic helminth infection in a colitis model | Broadhurst et al., 2012 |
PIG | ||||||
T. suis | → | Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter and Succinivibrio↓; Mucispirillum and Paraprevotella ↑ | Altered fatty acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid availability↓ | Colon | Larval stage infection (21 dpi) | Li et al., 2012 |
n.r. | Ruminococcus Oscillibacter and Succinivibrio ↓; Campylobacter ↑ | n.r. | Colon | Chronic infection (53 dpi) | Wu et al., 2012 | |
A. suum | ↓ | Prevotella ↑ | SCFA ↑ | Colon | 54 dpi | Paerewijck et al., 2015 |
→, no change; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; n.r., not reported; SCFA, short chain fatty acids; dpi, days post-infection; wpi, weeks post-infection; Nod2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; WT, wild type.