Table 2.
Host and helminth(s) species | Microbiota diversity | Microbiota composition | Changes in host metabolism | Sample site(s) | Infection phase | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MUS MUSCULUS | ||||||
T. muris | ↓ | Bacteroidetes ↓; Mucispirillum, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillaceae, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes ↑ | n.r. | Cecum Colon Feces | Chronic infection | Holm et al., 2015 |
↓ | Parabaceroides, Prevotella and Bacteroidetes ↓; Mucispirillum and Rikenellaceae ↑ | weight gain and carbohydrate metabolism ↓ | Feces | Chronic infection | Houlden et al., 2015 | |
↑Nod2 deficient mice; ↓ in WT mice | B. vulgatus, Prevotella and Bacteroides ↓; Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Clostridiales ↑ | n.r. | Feces | Acute infection (21 dpi) | Ramanan et al., 2016 | |
H. p. bakeri | n.r. | Lactobacillaceae, Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae ↑ | n.r. | Ileum Cecum | Acute infection (14 dpi) | Walk et al., 2010 |
n.r. | Baceroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae ↑ | n.r. | Ileum Cecum Colon | Acute infection (14 dpi) | Rausch et al., 2013 | |
n.r. | Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae ↑ | n.r. | Duodenum Feces | 28 dpi | Reynolds et al., 2014 | |
n.r. | Clostridiales ↑ | SCFA ↑ | Cecum | 28 - 42 dpi | Zaiss et al., 2015 | |
N. brasiliensis | → | Firmicutes and SFB ↓; Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria ↑ | n.r. | Jejunum Ileum Cecum Colon Feces | 11 dpi | Fricke et al., 2015 |
APODEMUS FLAVICOLLIS | ||||||
H. p. bakeri, Syphacia. Hymenolepsis and M. muris (mixed infections) | → | Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio ↑ (with H. p. bakeri) | carbohydrate metabolism ↑ (with H. p. bakeri) | stomach small intestine cecum colon | Wild caught mice, likely chronic exposure to helminths | Kreisinger et al., 2015 |
→, no change; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; n.r., not reported; SCFA, short chain fatty acids; dpi, days post-infection; wpi, weeks post-infection; Nod2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; WT, wild type; SFB, segmented filamentous bacteria.