Table 1.

Conditions that can cause symptoms mimicking anaphylaxis, modified from the guideline for acute therapy and management of anaphylaxis, adapted from [15]

Cardiac arrhythmias

Hypertensive crisis

Pulmonary embolism

Status asthmaticus

Tracheobronchial obstruction

Carcinoid syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

Hypoglycemia

Dissociative disorders and conversion (e. g., Globus hystericus)

Somatoform disorders (e. g., psychogenic dyspnea, “vocal cord dysfunction”)

Seizure disorders

Hereditary/acquired angioedema

Intoxication (alcohol, opioids, histaminosis)