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. 2017 Apr 27;8:263. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00263

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Copyright © 2017 Lin, Liu, Ko, Perng, Lee and Kou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Oxidative stress-related events induced by M-CSE and Non-M-CSE in HBECs. (A) Cells were pretreated with apocynin (APO, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor; 150 μM) for 1 h and then exposed to medium alone, 1% Non-M-CSE, or M-CSE for 24 h. (B,C) Cells were pretreated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for 1 h and then exposed to medium alone, 1% Non-M-CSE, or M-CSE for 2 h (B) or for 24 h (C). Levels of IL-8 and 4-HNE were measured using cell lysates, and the level of Nrf2 was measured using nuclear extracts. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blot. Data from each group are means ± SEM from four independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05 vs. the medium group (A–C); ^@p < 0.05 vs. the Non-M-CSE group without pretreatment (A,B); #p < 0.05 vs. the same type of CSE group without pretreatment (A–C).