Fig. 3.

Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for local resection. This figure shows the crown method for small cancer. The traction sutures placed laparoscopically in the healthy serosa on the periphery of the tumor. Under the traction of the lesion by these sutures, a full-thickness resection is performed by the endoscopist using the ESD devices. After the lesion is removed intraluminally using the gastroscope, the defect of the stomach wall is closed by hand suturing using a laparoscope