Table 2.
SMRs for selected causes in people with severe mental illness
| Total sample | White British | Black Caribbean | Black African | South Asian | Irish | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 2390 | 1317 | 384 | 127 | 106 | 115 | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 2·67 (2·56–2·78) | 2·96 (2·80–3·12) | 2·11 (1·90–2·33) | 2·98 (2·48–3·54) | 2·34 (1·91–2·83) | 2·59 (2·14–3·11) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |
| Natural-cause mortality | |||||||
| Circulatory system, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 647 | 331 | 121 | 37 | 28 | 33 | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 2·65 (2·45–2·86) | 2·66 (2·38–2·96) | 2·46 (2·04–2·94) | 3·85 (2·71–5·31) | 2·33 (1·55–3·37) | 2·58 (1·78–3·63) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·021 | |
| Respiratory system, including COPD and pneumonia | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 370 | 237 | 29 | 11 | 23 | 24 | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 3·38 (3·04–3·74) | 4·19 (3·67–4·76) | 1·32 (0·89–1·90) | 2·87 (1·43–5·14) | 4·38 (2·78–6·57) | 4·06 (2·60–6·04) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·17 | 0·0043 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |
| Cancers | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 433 | 244 | 63 | 43 | ≤10* | 18 | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 1·45 (1·32–1·60) | 1·68 (1·47–1·90) | 1·05 (0·80–1·34) | 1·79 (1·19–2·59) | 0·49 (0·21–0·96) | 1·25 (0·74–1·97) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·76 | 0·0062 | 0·035 | 0·41 | |
| Unnatural-cause mortality | |||||||
| Suicide, self-harm, and events of undetermined intent | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 138 | 71 | 21 | 14 | ≤10* | ≤10* | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 7·65 (6·43–9·04) | 10·41 (8·13–13·13) | 4·87 (3·01–7·44) | 6·71 (3·67–11·26) | 7·41 (2·98–15·27) | 6·67 (1·38–19·49) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·024 | |
| Other external causes of mortality† | |||||||
| Number of deaths | 126 | 77 | 19 | ≤10* | ≤10* | ≤10* | |
| SMR (95% CI) | 4·01 (3·34–4·78) | 5·79 (4·57–7·23) | 2·68 (1·61–4·19) | 1·42 (0·39–3·63) | 1·58 (1·03–7·38) | 2·78 (0·57–8·13) | |
| p value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·62 | 0·047 | 0·19 | |
SMRs standardised by age and sex to the population of England and Wales in 2011. Total number of observed deaths is greater than in regression models, as mortality in the sample was assessed irrespective of missing data for covariates and ethnicity. p values derived through Byaar approximation. SMR=standardised mortality ratio. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*
Exact number not shown to protect patient confidentiality.
†
Included accidents, falls, and assaults.