Table 1.

Longitudinal effect of soy protein substitution to animal protein. This longitudinal randomized clinical trial was conducted among 41 type-2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (18 men and 23 women). Twenty patients in the soy protein group consumed a diet containing 0.8 g protein/kg b.wt. (35% animal proteins, 35% textured soy protein, and 30% vegetable proteins) and 21 patients in the control group consumed a similar diet containing 70% animal proteins and 30% vegetable proteins for 4 years. The addition of soy protein improved their prognosis

	70% animal + 30% vegetable P					35% animal + 35% soy P + 30% vegetable P
	4th yr	3rd yr	2nd yr	1st yr	baseline	4th yr	3rd yr	2nd yr	1st yr	baseline
Weight (kg)	73	69	73	71	72	71	73	72	70	71
SBP (mmHg)	148	147	150	155	153	147	149	158	148	150
DBP (mmHg)	93	94	96	95	91	93	94	90	92	96
FPG (mg/dl)	147*	146	145	142	137	121*	129	13	130	141
TC (mg/dl)	228*	227	225	221	218	201*	207	209	216	225
LDL-C (mg/dl)	158*	156	148	153	151	128	132	138	141	149
HDL-C (mg/dl)	45*	43	40	46	43	53*	50	52	47	49
UUN (mg/dl)	19.5*	18.9	18.5	17.8	18.1	12.8*	14.3	15.7	16.0	17.2
Proteinuria	725*	719	717	684	691	513*	543	603	621	667
Serum Cr (mg/dl)	1.61*	1.54	1.51	1.45	1.49	1.41*	1.49	1.44	1.53	1.56
Urine Cr (mg/dl)	5.2*	5.4	4.8	4.6	4.5	3.1*	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.8
BUN (mg/dl)	22	21	20	20	19	18*	18	19	19	20
CRP (mg/dl)	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.5	2.4	2.5	3.1	3.2	3.8
GFR (ml/min)	81	75	86	80	78	88	82	79	89	84
Plasma phytoE	1.08	1.11	1.06	1.10	1.07	1.29*	1.27	1.19	1.33	1.02

*p < 0.05.

Modified from Azadbakht and Atabak,²⁴⁾ Diabetes Care. 2008