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. 2017 Apr 18;10(4):530–534. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2017.04.05

Table 2. Demographics and clinical features of the patients and healthy controls.

Characteristic	Control	NDR	NPDR	PDR	Ρ
Average age (a)	65.49±15.04	64.86±14.97	64.48±15.02	65.41±16.58	0.718^a
Age (a)
≤60	25	19	17	16	0.093^b
>60	34	25	25	23	0.093^b
Gender
M	33	20	23	18	0.281^b
F	26	24	19	21	0.281^b
Diabetes duration (a)
≤5	-	21	19	14	0.058^b
>5	-	23	23	25	0.058^b
Insulin use
Yes	-	19	18	22	0.110^b
No	-	25	24	17	0.110^b
Smoking status
Ever and current	33	18	21	22	0.121^b
Never	26	26	21	17	0.121^b
Alcohol consumption
Ever and current	27	21	23	24	0.065^b
Never	32	23	19	15	0.065^b
Cardiovascular disease
Yes	-	21	24	23	0.073^b
No	-	23	18	16	0.073^b

^a One-way ANOVA; ^bChi-square test.