Table 3.
Top upregulated genes in DipC and TN.
| Gene Name | FDR | Fold Change | Gene Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UP-Regulated Genes in DipC | ||||
| PAL1 (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1) | 0.018 | 3.901 | Key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoid antioxidative and polyphenol compounds such as lignin and is involved in defense mechanism. | [53] |
| ATEP3/AtchitIV | 0.001 | 3.845 | Encodes an EP3 chitinase that is stimulated under abiotic stress. | [54] |
| TXR1(Thaxtomin A resistant 1)/ATPAM16 | 6.87 × 10-5 | 3.718 | TXR1 is a component of a dispensable transport mechanism. Involved in negative regulation of defense responses by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). | [55] |
| Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, putative / 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | 0.001 | 3.554 | Functions in Jasmonic acid synthesis which plays a role in plant response to mechanical and abiotic stress. | [56] |
| UBC-2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2) | 0.004 | 3.407 | Ubiquitination plays a part in increasing rate of the protein breakdown. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing UBC-2 were more tolerant to dehydration stress compared to the control plants. | [57] |
| Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 | 0.001 | 3.348 | Involves in the regulation of Rho protein and small GTPase mediated signal transduction. | [58] |
| Histidine amino acid transporter (LHT1) | 0.001 | 3.256 | Amino acid transmembrane transporter involved in apoplastic transport of amino acids in leaves. | [59] |
| COMT (3-Caffeic acid o methyltransferase) | 0.006 | 3.234 | Involved in lignin biosynthesis. High activation of lignifying enzymes was found in dehydration-stressed white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which lead to reduced forage growth. | [60] |
| Glycine decarboxylase complex H | 0.005 | 3.113 | Functions in photo respiratory carbon recovery. Carbon dioxide is found to be low in plants subjected to dehydration stress due to the closing of stomata in order to prevent water loss. | [61] |
| Up-Regulated Genes in TN | ||||
| Clp amino terminal domain-containing protein, putative | 0.035 | 3.778 | Protein and ATP binding. | |
| CONSTANS-LIKE 1 | 0.025 | 3.294 | Transcription factor regulating flower development and response to light stimulus. | [62] |
| DRB3 (DSRNA-BINDING PROTEIN 3) | 0.020 | 2.984 | Assists in miRNA-targeted RNA degradation. | [63] |
| SIGE (SIGMA FACTOR E) | 0.032 | 2.808 | Responds to effects of abiotic stresses. Phosphorylation of major sigma factor SIG1 in Arabidopsis thaliana inhibits the transcription of the psaA gene, which encodes photosystem-I (PS-I). This disturbs photosynthetic activity. | [64,65] |
| Reticulon family protein | 0.029 | 2.772 | Playing a role in promoting membrane curvature. | |
| Cytochrome c oxidase family protein | 0.025 | 2.727 | Essential for the assembly of functional cytochrome oxidase protein. | |
| DNA-binding S1FA family protein | 0.049 | 2.717 | Binds to the negative promoter element S1F. | |
| DNA photolyase | 0.032 | 2.667 | DNA repair enzyme. | |
| Zinc knuckle (CCHC-type) family protein | 0.040 | 2.567 | Zinc ion binding | |
| Monosaccaride transporter | 0.025 | 2.547 | Plays a role in long-distance sugar partitioning or sub-cellular sugar distribution. | |
| Nodulin MtN3 family protein | 0.025 | 2.376 | Key role in the establishment of symbiosis. | |
| Serine acetyltransferase, N-terminal | 0.040 | 2.302 | Catalyzes the formation of a cysteine precursor. |