Table 1.

The observed positive effects of ZnO NPs on plants

Plant	Particle size (nm)	Particle concentration	Comment	Observed effect	References
Vigna radiata	22.4 ± 1.8	10 mg L−1	NPs were synthesized by soil fungi	Increase in stem height and root length. Increase in phosphorus mobilizing enzymes and phosphorus uptake by 10.8%	[65]
Zea mays, Glycine max, Cajanas cajan, Abelmoschus esculentus	<100	25 or 50 mg Zn g−1 seed	Seeds were coated with ZnO NPs	Improved germination	[47]
				Coated seeds 93–100%
				Uncoated seeds 80%
Triticum aestivum	30	100 mM Zn	Wheat plants were inoculated with Fusarium graminearum	Reduction in number of CFU of F. graminearum	[66]