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. 2017 Jan 10;312(4):E253–E263. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2016

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

PGC-1α drives peroxisomal gene expression in human primary myotubes. HSkMCs from muscle biopsies were exposed to adenovirus packed with human PGC-1α (Ad-PGC-1α) or GFP (Ad-GFP) on days 4 and 5 post-differentiation and harvested on day 7 postdifferentiation and measured for peroxisomal biogenesis gene expression by qRT-PCR. A: PGC-1α mRNA expression (ΔΔCT value: −4.34). B: fluorescent images from fluorescent microscopy showed infection efficiency after 72-h infection with either Ad-PGC-1α (coexpressed GFP) or Ad-GFP in human primary myotubes (magnification ×20). C: peroxisomal biogenesis factor (PEX) mRNA expression. ABCD1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily D member 1 responsible for transporting very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) across the peroxisomal membrane (ΔΔCT value: 0.61). PMP70, peroxisomal membrane protein 70 kDa, a marker of peroxisomal biogenesis (ΔΔCT value: −1.97); PEX3, PEX11A, PEX11B, PEX13, and PEX19, peroxisomal biogenesis genes initiated to peroxisomal proliferation (ΔΔCT value: −3.20, −0.10, 0.30, −0.60, and −0.37); ACOX1, peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ΔΔCT value: −0.47); PBFE, peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (ΔΔCT value: −1.73); PTHIO, peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase for the peroxisomal β-oxidation (ΔΔCT value: −2.61); CrAT, carnitine O-acetyltransferase for converting acetyl-CoA to acetyl-carnitine (ΔΔCT value: −3.45); CrOT, carnitine octanoyltransferase for converting acyl-CoA to acyl-carnitine (ΔΔCT value: 1.25); DNM1L, dynamin 1-like protein involved in fission of both peroxisomal and mitochondrial biogenesis (ΔΔCT value: −1.15). mRNA expression was determined using the comparative CT method (ΔΔCT) with an endogenous control (18S ribosomal RNA) for normalization and then compared with Ad-GFP. Results are shown as means ± SE (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.001 vs. Ad-GFP groups by paired 2-tailed t-test. DAPI, 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-1H -indole-6-carboxamidine; GFP, green fluorescent protein. [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-fluoro-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] dihydrogen phosphate.