Table 1.
Examples of caveolae-associated signal transduction proteins
| Signal Transduction Protein | Mechanism(s) of Association | References |
|---|---|---|
| Receptors | ||
| G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, e.g., adrenergic, adenosine, angiotensin-1, opioid, serotonin) | Transmembrane (TM), fatty acylation (FA), Cav association (Cav) | (47, 49, 71, 139, 226) |
| Steroid hormone acceptors (e.g., estrogen receptor-α) | TM, FA, Cav | (2, 23, 99) |
| Transforming growth factor-β receptors (e.g., bone morphogenic receptor II) | TM, Cav | (163) |
| Tyrosine kinase (e.g., insulin, EGFR, NGF, IGF, PDGF) | TM, FA, Cav | (28, 75, 152) |
| Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) | TM, FA, Cav | (48, 189) |
| Ion channels, reporters, and exchangers | ||
| Ca2+-ATPase | TM, Cav | (189) |
| Ca2+ pumps (e.g., Na+/Ca2+ exchanger type 1) | TM, Cav | (31) |
| L-type Ca2+ | TM, Cav | (31, 110) |
| Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ | TM, Cav | (222) |
| Transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) | TM, Cav | (90, 109, 129, 192) |
| Na+/K+-ATPase | TM, Cav | (63, 107) |
| Voltage-gated K+ | TM, Cav | (1, 26, 115) |
| KATP | TM, Cav | (180) |
| Kinases | ||
| Src-family | FA, Cav | (35, 94, 95, 101, 104, 148, 197, 200, 207, 218) |
| Protein kinase A | Cav | (73, 97, 166, 167, 180) |
| Protein kinase Cα, ζ | Cav | (45, 159, 179) |
| p42/p44 Mitogen-activated protein kinase | Cav | (10, 37, 52) |
| p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase | Cav | (10) |
| Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase | PI(4,5)P2 binding | (191, 198) |
| Protein kinase B | PI(3,4,5)P3 binding | (62, 82, 100, 135, 190, 191, 198, 230, 231) |
| Other postreceptor components | ||
| Heterotrimeric GTP binding (G) protein α-subunits | FA, Cav | (15, 26, 49, 71, 77, 101, 103, 130, 134) |
| Heterotrimeric GTP binding (G) protein βγ-subunits | FA | (77) |
| Ras | FA, Cav | (160, 176, 199) |
| Adenylyl cyclases (AC, e.g., AC3, 5, 6) | TM, Cav | (39, 71, 72, 138, 139) |
| Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) | Cav | (132) |
| Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) | Cav | (22, 24, 43, 57, 58, 73, 98, 165, 183, 215) |
| Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS/NOS1) | Cav | (14, 22, 30, 58, 182, 215) |
Adapted from Patel et al. (147).