Fig. 4.

Lower glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is associated with lower oxygen and higher norepinephrine concentrations in anemic and control fetal sheep. Lower fetal arterial oxygen (A) and higher fetal norepinephrine (B) concentrations are associated with impaired fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Cortisol (C) concentrations are not associated with fetal insulin secretion. Insulin secretion is defined as the difference between insulin concentrations during the hyperglycemic clamp and at baseline and is compared with oxygen, norepinephrine, and cortisol by linear regression in anemic (□, n = 11) and control (●, n = 7) fetuses. Norepinephrine concentrations are log transformed.