Table 1. BBN OSCE Results for Students and Residents.
| BBN Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer OSCEs for Students (N = 28) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group n = 13 | Intervention Group n = 15 | Mann-Whitney test Change Scores: Control vs. Intervention | ||||||||||
| Rating Scale | baseline M (SD) | follow-up M (SD) | change score | Change Scores Mean rank | baseline M (SD) | follow-up M (SD) | change score | change scores mean rank | U | Z | r (effect-size) | p |
| Colon - BBN Skills Rating Form | ||||||||||||
| 1. Preamble to Breaking Bad News | 2.31(.48) | 2.31(.63) | .00 | 12.15 | 2.43(.76) | 2.80(.86) | .37 | 15.71 | 67.00 | -1.31 | -.25 | .095 |
| 2. Breaking Bad News | 3.38(.77) | 3.27(.97) | -.11 | 9.92 | 3.54(1.05) | 4.60(.74) | 1.06 | 17.08 | 38.00 | -2.48 | -.47 | .007** |
| 3. Attention to Patient Responses After BBN | 2.29(1.22) | 2.25(.1.27) | -.04 | 7.96 | 1.57(1.55) | 3.38(1.24) | 1.81 | 19.61 | 12.50 | -3.92 | -.74 | <.001*** |
| 4. Communication Related to Patient Emotions | 2.69(.95) | 2.85(.99) | .16 | 14.54 | 3.14(1.23) | 3.23(1.14) | .11 | 13.50 | 84.00 | -.36 | -.07 | .361 |
| 5. After BBN, Determines Patient Readiness to Proceed and Communication Preferences | 3.40(1.32) | 3.23(1.22) | -.17 | 11.65 | 2.67(1.39) | 3.27(1.46) | .60 | 16.18 | 60.50 | -1.49 | -.28 | .069 |
| Colon - Common Ground Assessment Scales | ||||||||||||
| 1. Rapport | 2.54(.69) | 2.65(.92) | .11 | 13.31 | 2.89(.66) | 3.13(.58) | .24 | 14.64 | 82.00 | -.45 | -.09 | .325 |
| 2. Active Listening | 2.81(.48) | 2.92(.40) | .11 | 11.65 | 2.64(.66) | 3.07(.55) | .43 | 15.35 | 60.50 | -1.31 | -.25 | .095 |
| 3. Addressing Feelings with Patient | 2.77(.56) | 3.08(.45) | .31 | 13.88 | 3.04(.80) | 3.32(.42) | .24 | 13.12 | 79.50 | -.27 | -.05 | .392 |
| 4. Closing the Interview | 2.58(.61) | 2.85(.66) | .27 | 12.50 | 2.75(.55) | 3.20(.56) | .45 | 15.39 | 71.50 | -.99 | -.19 | .163 |
| 5. Global Interview Performance | 2.50(.58) | 2.65(.77) | .15 | 11.81 | 2.82(.72) | 3.25(.55) | .43 | 15.19 | 62.50 | -1.16 | -.22 | .123 |
| Breast - BBN Skills Rating Form | ||||||||||||
| 1. Preamble to Breaking Bad News | 2.74(1.64) | 2.53(.66) | -.21 | 14.00 | 2.53(.64) | 2.80(.86) | .27 | 14.93 | 91.00 | -.33 | -.06 | .371 |
| 2. Breaking Bad News | 2.92(1.19) | 3.46(.66) | .54 | 10.00 | 2.73(1.22) | 4.73(.59) | 2.00 | 18.40 | 39.00 | -2.78 | -.53 | .003** |
| 3. Attention to Patient Responses After BBN | 2.98(.89) | 2.90(1.47) | -.08 | 8.85 | 1.61(1.11) | 4.02(1.01) | 2.41 | 19.40 | 24.00 | -3.43 | -.65 | .001** |
| 4. Communication Related to Patient Emotions | 3.23(.73) | 3.38(1.12) | .15 | 11.69 | 3.07(.96) | 4.13(.99) | 1.06 | 16.93 | 61.00 | -1.72 | -.33 | .043* |
| 5. After BBN, Determines Patient Readiness to Proceed and Communication Preferences | 2.98(1.35) | 3.10(1.42) | .12 | 12.19 | 2.17(1.17) | 3.43(1.62) | 1.26 | 16.50 | 67.50 | -1.39 | -.26 | .083 |
| Breast - Common Ground Assessment Scales | ||||||||||||
| 1. Rapport | 2.62 (.68) | 2.85(.83) | .23 | 13.00 | 2.87(.61) | 3.40(.66) | .53 | 15.80 | 78.00 | -.92 | -.17 | .179 |
| 2. Active Listening | 2.88(.42) | 3.04(.66) | .16 | 12.42 | 2.57(.56) | 3.10(.57) | .53 | 16.30 | 70.50 | -1.29 | -.24 | .099 |
| 3. Addressing Feelings with Patient | 3.35(.47) | 3.31(.63) | -.04 | 10.58 | 3.10(.47) | 3.73(.56) | .63 | 17.90 | 46.50 | -2.53 | -.48 | .006** |
| 4. Closing the Interview | 2.69(.52) | 2.96(.72) | .27 | 13.23 | 2.90(.66) | 3.40(.83) | .50 | 15.60 | 81.00 | -.785 | -.15 | .216 |
| 5. Global Interview Performance | 2.62(.55) | 2.92(.86) | .30 | 11.92 | 2.80(.56) | 3.50(.53) | .70 | 16.73 | 64.00 | -1.58 | -.30 | .057 |
| BBN Colon Cancer OSCE for Residents (N = 38) | ||||||||||||
| Control Group n = 18 | Intervention Group n = 20 | Mann-Whitney test Change Scores: Control vs. Intervention | ||||||||||
| Rating Scale | baseline M (SD) | follow-up M (SD) | change score | Change Scores Mean rank | baseline M (SD) | follow-up M (SD) | change score | change scores mean rank | U | Z | r (effect-size) | p |
| Colon - BBN Skills Rating Form | ||||||||||||
| 1. Preamble to Breaking Bad News | 2.92 (.80) | 3.63(.97) | .71 | 21.39 | 3.28 (1.10) | 3.61(1.12) | .33 | 17.80 | 146.00 | -1.02 | -.17 | .153 |
| 2. Breaking Bad News | 3.86 (1.11) | 3.61(1.14) | -.25 | 14.58 | 3.80 (.89) | 4.85(.88) | 1.05 | 23.93 | 91.50 | -2.67 | -.43 | .004** |
| 3. Attention to Patient Responses After BBN | 2.04 (1.24) | 2.42(1.35) | .38 | 18.92 | 2.28 (.85) | 2.94(1.17) | .66 | 20.03 | 169.50 | -.31 | -.05 | .378 |
| 4. Communication Related to Patient Emotions | 3.01 (1.00) | 3.31 (.71) | .30 | 16.11 | 2.79 (.82) | 3.74(1.11) | .95 | 22.55 | 119.00 | -1.83 | -.30 | .034** |
| 5. After BBN, Determines Patient Readiness to Proceed and Communication Preferences | 2.46 (1.26) | 2.61 (.79) | .15 | 16.19 | 2.73 (.94) | 3.56(1.27) | .83 | 22.48 | 120.50 | -1.74 | -.28 | .041* |
| Colon - Common Ground Assessment Scales | ||||||||||||
| 1. Rapport | 3.14 (.64) | 3.14 (.56) | .00 | 16.61 | 3.18 (.52) | 3.48 (.77) | .30 | 22.10 | 128.00 | -1.60 | -.26 | .056 |
| 2. Active Listening | 2.44 (.45) | 2.50 (.49) | .06 | 15.22 | 2.55 (.58) | 3.23 (.70) | .68 | 23.35 | 103.00 | -2.31 | -.37 | .011** |
| 3. Addressing Feelings with Patient | 3.06 (.45) | 2.94 (.34) | -.12 | 12.17 | 3.08 (.47) | 3.80 (.59) | .72 | 26.10 | 48.00 | -3.99 | -.65 | <.001*** |
| 4. Closing the Interview | 3.00 (.35) | 2.94 (.50) | -.06 | 13.44 | 2.95 (.65) | 3.63 (.60) | .68 | 23.73 | 75.50 | -2.98 | -.48 | .002** |
| 5. Global Interview Performance | 2.89 (.40) | 2.97 (.32) | .08 | 13.86 | 2.80 (.66) | 3.55 (.71) | .75 | 24.58 | 78.50 | -3.12 | -.51 | .001** |
Note:
*
p <.05,
**
p <.01,
***
p <.001.
All tests were one-tailed.