Fig. 7.

EcoHIV infection enhances cigarette smoke extract-induced protease expression in alveolar macrophages. MH-S cells were inoculated one time with EcoHIV or PBS and 24 h later were exposed to PBS or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for a further 24 h. RQ was determined for EcoHIV envelope and vif genes in EcoHIV-infected cells (A) and cathepsin S (CatS, B) and MMP-2, −7, −9, −10, −12, and −13 (C) in each cell group. Graphs are represented as means ± SE of 3 separate measurements on independent days. *P < 0.05 when comparing both treatments connected by a line, determined by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test; n = 10/group.