Table 1.
Summary of the findings of miR-146a and miR-146b activity in associated pathologies
| Associated Pathology or Process | miRNA | Target | Tissue/Cell Type | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer, inflammation, and innate immune response | expression profile of regulatory T cells compared with naïve T cells | 146 ↑ | N/A | regulatory T cells | Cobb (19) |
| inhibition of NF-κB signaling | 146a/b ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | leukemic monocyte cell line | Taganov (85) | |
| Treg treatment of graft-vs.-host disease | 146b ↓ | TRAF6 ↑ | regulatory T cells | Lu (64) | |
| breast cancer malignancy, increased patient survival | 146b ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | breast cancer cell | Xiang (93) | |
| 5q- syndrome | 146a ↓ | TRAF6 ↑ | hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells | Starczynowski (83) | |
| FOXP3-induced cellular apoptosis | 146a ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | breast cancer cell | Liu (60) | |
| PDGF-stimulated tumor growth | 146b ↑ | EGFR ↓ | glioblastoma cells | Shao (80) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | coronary artery disease | 146a/b ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ (in vitro) | peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Takahashi (86) |
| atherosclerotic plaque formation | 146a/b ↑ | IGSF1, SORT1, and NOVA1 ↓ | patient arteries | Raitoharju (75) | |
| angiopoietin-1 mediates suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory response | 146b ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | human umbilical vein endothelial cells | Echavarria (24) | |
| cardioprotection in microbial sepsis | 146a ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | cardiac tissue; cardiac myocytes and monocytic cells | Gao (28) | |
| risk for coronary artery disease positively correlated with presence of SNP | 146a ↓ | N/A | N/A; SNP typing | Jazdzewski (39), Xiong (95) | |
| left-ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction | 146a ↑ | N/A | circulating plasma | Liu (61) | |
| cyanotic congenital heart disease and chronic hypoxia | 146b ↑ | RNase L ↓ | myocardial tissue, rat cardiomyocytes | Li (54) | |
| attenuation of proinflammatory stress in hyperlipidemia | 146a ↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 ↓ | monocytes and macrophages | Li (55) | |
| Acute and chronic kidney disease | CKD patients on hemodialysis | 146b ↑ and 146a ↓ | N/A | peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Zawada (99) |
| acute kidney injury and kidney fibrosis | 146b ↑ | N/A | renal cortex tissue | Pellegrini (73) | |
| unilateral ureteral obstruction model of kidney fibrosis | 146b ↑ | Smad4 ↓ | renal cortex tissue | Morishita (70) | |
| TGF-β1 induced renal interstitial fibrosis | 146b ↓ | N/A | renal epithelial cells | Kriegel (42) | |
| cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury | 146b ↑ | ErbB4 ↓ | renal tissue and renal tubular epithelial cells | Zhu (101) | |
miR, miRNA: microRNA. N/A, not available.