. 2015 Jan 6;2:e714. doi: 10.7717/peerj.714

Table 3. Substitution rates observed in similar studies.

These studies all used molecular identification to estimate the rate of species substitution.

Investigated country	Substitution rate	Nb of sequences	Taxonomic focus	Origin^a	Type^b	Marker	Reference
EU
Ireland	19.00%	111	diverse	F, S, R	Fl, Fr, P, Rd	COI	FSAI, 2011
Ireland	25.00%	156	cod	F, S, F&C	Fl, Fr, Rd	COI	Miller & Mariani, 2010
Ireland	28.20%	131	cod	F, S, F&C	Fl, Fr, P, Rd	COI	Miller, Jessel & Mariani, 2012
Ireland/UK	na	98	Rajidae	F, S, F&C	Fl, Rd	COI	Griffiths et al., 2013
UK	7.40%	95	cod	F, S, F&C	Fl, Fr, P, Rd	COI	Miller, Jessel & Mariani, 2012
UK	<1.5%	142	diverse	S	P	COI	Huxley-Jones et al., 2012
Italy	32.00%	69	diverse	F, S	Fl, Fr	COI & Cytochrome b	Filonzi et al., 2010
Italy	77.80%	59	Mustelus sp.	F, S	Fl	COI	Barbuto et al., 2010
Italy	56.36%	110	cod	S	Fl, P	COI	Di Pinto et al., 2013
Italy	20.00%	18	diverse	Port authority	P	COI & Cytochrome b	Cutarelli et al., 2014
Spain	>20%	40	Hake	S	Fr, P	Mt Control region SNPs	Machado-Schiaffino, Martinez & Garcia-Vazquez, 2008
Spain & Greece	>30%	279 (93*3)	Hake	S	Fr	5S rDNA, CytB RFLP	Garcia-Vazquez et al., 2011
France	3.7% CI [2.2–6.4]	371	diverse	F, S, R	Fl, Fr, P, Rd	COI	Present study
Non-EU
Japan	8.00%	26	Tuna	F, R	Fl, Rd	COI, Mt Control region, ITS 1	Vinas & Tudela, 2009
South Africa	21.00%	248	diverse	S, F	Fl, Fr, P	COI	Cawthorn, Steinman & Witthuhn, 2012
South Africa	50.00%	174	diverse	R, F	Fl, Fr	16S rDNA	Von der Heyden et al., 2010
Canada	41.20%	236	diverse	F, S, R	Fl, Fr, Rd	COI	(Hanner et al., 2011)
US	32,35%	68	Tuna	R	Rd	COI	Lowenstein, Amato & Kolokotronis, 2009
US	11.00%	99	Salmon	R, S	Fl	COI	(Cline, 2012)
US & Canada	25.00%	90	diverse	F, R	Fl, Rd	COI	Wong & Hanner, 2008

Notes.