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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016 Aug 1;40(9):1802–1816. doi: 10.1111/acer.13168

Figure 5. Immune signaling during ethanol exposure.

Figure 5

Simplified schematic showing how ethanol exposure can promote signaling via Toll like receptors (TLRs), leading to activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and elevated levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). See text for further details.