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. 2017 Mar 30;41(5):939–954. doi: 10.1111/acer.13368

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Copyright © 2017 The Authors Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Research Society on Alcoholism.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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LPS and Poly(I:C) up‐regulates cytokine expression in microglia‐like BV2. BV2 were treated with either LPS (100 ng/ml) or Poly(I:C) (50 μg/ml) for 24 hours followed by mRNA analysis in cell lysates and analysis of HMGB1 release in media using ELISA. (A) LPS increased TNF‐α (814%), IL‐1β (2,775%), and IL‐6 (209%) mRNA. (B) LPS increased HMGB1 release in media by 37%. (C) Poly(I:C) increased TNF‐α (217%) and IL‐1β (366%) mRNA. (D) Poly(I:C) did not induce HMGB1 release in media. Data for mRNA are expressed as %control (%CON), with CON set at 100%. n = 3 per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus CON.