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. 2017 Apr 20;13:1744806917704138. doi: 10.1177/1744806917704138

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© The Author(s) 2017

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 2. — Spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia induction in the wire-induced mucositis (WiM) model and effect of antibiotic pretreatment. As the antibiotic pretreatment, sulfamethoxazole- and trimethoprim-containing drinking water was supplemented beginning two days prior to the procedure (installation of the thick wire) and continued for five days. (a) Daily changes in spontaneous mouth rubbing periods in the sham and model rats with or without antibiotic pretreatment (n = 5, 4, and 5, respectively). (b) Daily changes in the head withdrawal threshold by von Frey stimulation in sham and model rats with or without antibiotic pretreatment (n = 5, 4, and 5, respectively). In (a) and (b), * and ** indicate P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively, compared with the sham; Sidak post hoc test following two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. (c) The numbers of CFU under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in extracted oral mucosal tissues (each group, n = 4). The horizontal dashed line in the graph indicates the pain-producing level, according to previous studies investigating bacterial infection-induced pain.^10,28 *P < 0.05 compared with sham; ⁺P < 0.05 compared without antibiotic pretreatment in the WiM model; Mann-Whitney U test.