Table 4. Baseline characteristics of unstable patients treated with and without vasopressors.

		Vasopressor use
		Yes (n = 26)		No (n = 37)		p-value
		n	value	n	value
Age		26	54.4±21.6	37	45.9±20.8	0.12
Age <45			11 (42.3%)		19 (51.4%)	0.61
Sex	Male		20 (76.9%)		28 (75.7%)	1.00
Type of trauma	Blunt		23 (88.5%)		37 (100.0%)	0.07
Prehospital Trauma Index		18	6.7±4.0	28	3.7±3.3	0.01
Injury Severity Score		26	23.0±15.5	37	20.7±9.3	0.50
Glasgow Coma Scale		26	7.8±4.3	37	12.7±3.4	<0.01
Severe TBI*			16 (61.5%)		6 (16.2%)	<0.01
Lowest MAP		26	55.5±17.0	37	60.2±11.5	0.20
Intoxication**			10 (38.5%)		8 (21.6%)	0.17
Past medical history	Hypertension		9 (34.6%)		9 (24.3%)
	Chronic renal failure		2 (7.7%)		2 (5.4%)
	Coronary artery disease		5 (19.2%)		4 (10.8%)
	Peripheral vascular disease		1 (3.8%)		2 (5.4%)
	Congestive heart failure		0 (0.0%)		0 (0.0%)
	Diabetes		4 (15.4%)		6 (16.2%)
Transfer from primary or secondary referring hospital			8 (30.8%)		12 (32.4%)	1.00
Time to surgical or angiographic intervention (hours)		12	1.7 [0.8, 3.3]	12	2.9 [2.0, 5.0]	0.05

Categorical variables are presented as count (%), continuous variables as mean±SD or median [Q1, Q3]. p-values comparing the hemodynamically unstable patients with and without vasopressor use are by Fisher's exact test and by Student's t-test for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Time to surgical or angiographic intervention compared using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.

*TBI: traumatic brain injury; severe TBI is defined as Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8

**illicit drugs or alcohol