Table 3.
Direct and indirect effects of HIV-related shame on three dimensions of health-related quality of life (N = 299)
| β | b | SE | p | CI.95 for b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct associations | |||||
| HIV shame → physical well-being (PWB) |
−0.015 | −0.010 | 0.047 | 0.829 | −0.087, 0.067 |
| HIV shame → emotional well-being (EWB) |
−0.568 | −0.450 | 0.053 | <0.001 | −0.537, −0.363 |
| HIV shame → social well-being (SWB) | −0.127 | −0.112 | 0.053 | 0.035 | −0.200, −0.024 |
| Indirect associations | |||||
| HIV shame → depression → PWB | −0.290 | −0.193a | 0.042 | <0.001 | −0.268, −0.131 |
| HIV shame → depression → EWB | −0.268 | −0.212a | 0.042 | <0.001 | −0.286, −0.149 |
| HIV shame → depression → SWB | 0.076 | 0.068a | 0.044 | 0.128 | −0.002, 0.143 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → PWB | −0.054 | −0.036b | 0.031 | 0.242 | −0.087, 0.013 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → EWB | 0.031 | 0.024b | 0.029 | 0.398 | −0.022, 0.071 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → SWB | −0.420 | −0.372b | 0.058 | <0.001 | −0.471, −0.281 |
| Gender | Men/women | ||||
| Direct associations | |||||
| HIV shame → PWB | −0.021/−0.015 | −0.013/−0.011 | 0.056/0.106 | 0.810/0.920 | −0.101, 0.080; −0.216, 0.136 |
| HIV shame → EWB | −0.629/−0.460 | −0.494/−0.375 | 0.064/0.099 | <0.001/<0.001 | −0.602, −0.390; −0.545, −0.222 |
| HIV shame → SWB | −0.114/−0.178 | −0.103/−0.153 | 0.066/0.120 | 0.118/<0.001 | −0.211, 0.006; −0.369, 0.015 |
| Indirect associations | |||||
| HIV shame → depression → PWB | −0.311/−0.234 | −0.202/−0.171 | 0.051/0.093 | <0.001/0.065 | −0.289, −0.124; −0.330, −0.042 |
| HIV shame → depression → EWB | −0.249/−0.267 | −0.196/−0.217 | 0.049/0.095 | <0.001/0.022 | −0.281, −0.122; −0.386, −0.083 |
| HIV shame → depression → SWB | 0.087/0.135 | 0.079/0.166 | 0.055/0.140 | 0.148/0.405 | −0.002, 0.174; −0.043, 0.369 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → PWB | −0.044/−0.075 | −0.028/−0.055 | 0.044/0.058 | 0.516/0.348a | −0.103, 0.041; −0.168, 0.024 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → EWB | 0.046/−0.011 | 0.036/−0.009 | 0.044/0.048 | 0.404/0.854a | −0.033, 0.109; −0.091, 0.063 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → SWB | −0.512/−0.287 | −0.463/−0.246 | 0.079/123 | <0.001/0.045a | −0.595, −0.343; −0.470, −0.099 |
| Sexual orientation | MSM/heterosexual men and women | ||||
| Direct associations | |||||
| HIV shame → PWB | 0.109/−0.093 | 0.075/−0.062 | 0.065/0.072 | 0.255/0.389a | −0.026, 0.191; −0.185, 0.048 |
| HIV shame → EWB | −0.528/−0.591 | −0.406/−0.475 | 0.073/0.075 | <0.001/<0.001 | −0.529, −0.290; −0.598, −0.350 |
| HIV shame → SWB | −0.142/−0.118 | −0.131/−0.101 | 0.081/0.081 | 0.104/0.159 | −0.264, −0.003; −0.224, 0.012 |
| Indirect associations | |||||
| HIV shame → depression → PWB | −0.318/−0.261 | −0.219/−0.173 | 0.072/0.054 | 0.002/0.001 | −0.340, −0.108; −0.272, −0.095 |
| HIV shame → depression → EWB | −0.320/−0.194 | −0.246/−0.156 | 0.066/0.054 | <0.001/0.004 | −0.360, −0.145; −0.253, −0.079 |
| HIV shame → depression → SWB | 0.052/0.088 | 0.049/0.075 | 0.072/0.063 | 0.499/0.231 | −0.054, 0.177; −0.011, 0.188 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → PWB | −0.103/−0.026 | −0.071/−0.017 | 0.059/0.036 | 0.233.636 | −0.181, 0.017; −0.080, 0.037 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → EWB | 0.048/−0.006 | 0.037/−0.005 | 0.057/0.032 | 0.514/0.883 | −0.051, 0.133; −0.062, 0.043 |
| HIV shame → loneliness → SWB | −0.477/−0.347 | −0.443/−0.296 | 0.101/0.076 | <0.000/<0.001 | −0.616, −0.297; −0.429, −0.183 |
Unstandardized coefficients (b) with different subscripts among pairs of indirect effects are significantly different from each other. Bias-corrected bootstrapping was used to yield estimates, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals
MSM = men who have sex with men
a
Significant difference between groups at α = 0.10 but not at α = 0.05