Table 3.

Alcohol, cocaine, and heroin use at 12-months post-treatment predicted by lifetime history of insomnia or hypersomnia symptoms compared to no sleep disturbance reported at pre-treatment.

	β	SE	z	p	OR	95% C.I.
Insomnia symptoms
Alcohol	0.104	0.107	0.970	.330	1.11	[0.90, 1.37]
Cocaine	0.260	0.112	2.330	.020	1.30	[1.04, 1.62]
Heroin	0.024	0.167	0.140	.886	1.02	[0.74, 1.42]
Hypersomnia symptoms
Alcohol	0.099	0.145	0.680	.495	1.10	[0.83, 1.47]
Cocaine	0.421	0.150	2.810	.005	1.52	[1.14, 2.04]
Heroin	−0.083	0.243	−0.340	.732	0.92	[0.57, 1.48]
Insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms
Alcohol	0.134	0.112	1.200	.231	1.14	[0.92, 1.42]
Cocaine	0.450	0.116	3.890	<.001	1.57	[1.25, 1.97]
Heroin	−0.214	0.182	−1.170	.241	0.81	[0.57, 1.15]

Dependent variables: Alcohol, cocaine, and heroin use (presence or absence) at 12-months post-treatment. Independent variables: a lifetime history of insomnia, hypersomnia symptoms, or both insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms compared to no sleep disturbance symptoms assessed at pre-treatment. Covariates: age, sex, race, education level, depression history, treatment modality, and in-treatment substance use.