Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population.a
| Study Group | P Valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||
| Demographic/Clinical Characteristics | All (n = 59) | EBM Only (n = 41) | Controls (n = 134) | Study Group (All) vs Control | Study Group (EBM only) vs control |
| Ethnicity | .19 | .26 | |||
| White | 21 (35.6) | 14 (34.1) | 39 (29.1) | ||
| Asian | 16 (27.1) | 10 (24.4) | 33 (24.6) | ||
| Hispanic | 18 (30.5) | 12 (29.3) | 43 (32.1) | ||
| African American | 7 (11.9) | 4 (9.8) | 18 (13.4) | ||
| Other | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.4) | 16 (11.9) | ||
| Males | 43 (72.9) | 28 (68) | 77 (57.5) | .03 | .06 |
| Gestational age, mean ± SD, wk | 29 ± 2.0 | 28.8 ± 2.2 | 28.9 ± 2.1 | .46 | .81 |
| BW, mean ± SD, g | 1331 ± 340 | 1292 ± 365 | 1283 ± 334 | .26 | .88 |
| Postnatal steroids | 2 (3.4) | 2 (4.9) | 4 (3.0) | .82 | .61 |
| IVH ≥ stage 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.0) | .1 | .21 |
| BPD | 5 (8.5) | 3 (7.3) | 11 (8.2) | .86 | .98 |
| Sepsis | 4 (6.9) | 3 (7.3) | 28 (20.9) | .02 | .1 |
| NEC ≥ stage 2 | 2 (3.4) | 1 (2.4) | 10 (7.5) | .52 | .46 |
| Respiratory support on DOL 1 | |||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 14 (23.7) | 11 (26.8) | 39 (29.1) | .43 | .93 |
| CPAP | 45 (76.3) | 27 (65.9) | 99 (73.9) | .39 | .94 |
| Room air | 5 (8.5) | 4 (9.8) | 11 (8.2) | .78 | .53 |
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BW, birth weight; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; DOL, day of life; EBM, exclusive breastmilk; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.
a
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
b
P value derived by t test for continuous variables and byχ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.