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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2016 Oct 27;71:44–55. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.016

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Change over time in the proportion of children who experience severe corporal punishment. Ukraine outlawed corporal punishment prior to Time 1; Togo outlawed corporal punishment between Times 1 and 2; Albania and Macedonia outlawed corporal punishment after Time 2; Central African Republic, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, and Sierra Leone have not yet outlawed corporal punishment. Within-country differences between Time 1 and Time 2 were all significant at p < .001 except in Kazakhstan and Montenegro.