Table 2.

Associations between long and medium-term air pollutants and HDL - MESA Air

	Individually-weighted PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	Outdoor PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	Black carbon (0.7 10−6/m−1)
Year 2000 average	βeta, (95% CI)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.13 (−1.24, 0.98)	0.85 (−0.69, 2.40)	−1.40 (−2.58, −0.22)
Final Model	−0.50 (−1.61, 0.61)	0.86 (−0.67, 2.38)	−1.68 (−2.86, −0.50)
HDL-P (μmol/L)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.15 (−0.65, 0.34)	0.33 (−0.35, 1.02)	−0.47 (−1.00, 0.05)
Final Model	−0.21 (−0.75, 0.33)	0.42 (−0.32, 1.17)	−0.55 (−1.13, 0.03)
Three Month Average	Individually-weighted PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	Outdoor PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	*Black carbon not available at this level
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.002 (−0.75, 0.74)	0.88 (0.27, 1.48)
Final Model	−0.05 (−0.82, 0.71)	0.47 (−0.17, 1.10)
HDL-P (μmol/L)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.64 (−0.97, −0.31)	−0.28 (−0.55, −0.01)
Final Model	−0.64 (−1.02, −0.26)	−0.27 (−0.58, 0.04)
Two week Average	Individually-weighted PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	Outdoor PM2.5 (5μg/m3)	*Black carbon not available at this level
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.86 (−1.38, −0.34)	−0.01 (−0.38, 0.37)
Final Model	−0.39 (−0.97, 0.18)	0.14 (−0.26, 0.55)
HDL-P (μmol/L)
Minimally adjusted Model	−0.35 (−0.58, −0.12)	−0.13 (−0.29, 0.04)
Final Model	−0.29 (−0.57, −0.01)	−0.07 (−0.27, 0.12)

Abbreviations: HDL = high-density lipoproteins, PM = particulate matter

Minimally adjusted model is adjusted only for age, site, sex, and race/ethnicity

Final adjusted model is adjusted for the factors in the minimally adjusted model plus BMI, education, physical activity (MET min-wk), smoking (never/former/current), current alcohol use (y/n), diabetes (normal/IFG/Untreated/Treated), hypertension (y/n), use of lipid-lowering drugs (y/n), outdoor temperature, relative humidity, HOMA-IR, log CRP, LDL-C, and triglycerides