. 2017 Mar 29;595(9):2969–2983. doi: 10.1113/JP273871

Table 1.

Subject characteristics

	Premenopausal		Postmenopausal
	Before training	After training	Before training	After training
Variable	(n = 20)	(n = 14)	(n = 16)	(n = 16)
Age (years)	50 ± 0	–	54 ± 1#	–
Time from last menstrual cycle (years)	–	–	3.1 ± 0.5
Height (m)	1.69 ± 0.01	–	1.67 ± 0.01#	–
Weight (kg)	69.2 ± 1.4	68.0 ± 1.4*	64.4 ± 1.8#	63.1 ± 1.5#, *
Body mass index (kg m^–2)	24.4 ± 0.5	23.9 ± 0.5*	23.1 ± 0.5	22.7 ± 0.4*
Lean body mass (kg)	43.4 ± 0.9	44.2 ± 0.8*	41.6 ± 1.0	42.1 ± 1.0*
Fat percentage (%)	38.5 ± 1.0	36.1 ± 1.1*	36.6 ± 1.1	34.9 ± 1.0*
Waist circumference (cm)	83 ± 1	80 ± 1*	80 ± 2	76 ± 1*
Lean leg mass (kg)	14.3 ± 0.4	14.4 ± 0.4	13.1 ± 0.4#	13.4 ± 0.4*
MAP at rest (mmHg)	90 ± 2	89 ± 3	95 ± 3#	90 ± 3*
Heart rate at rest (beats min^–1)	67 ± 2	65 ± 2	62 ± 2#	58 ± 1#, *
${\dot{V}}_{O_{2} peak}$ (mL min^–1)	2106 ± 58	2304 ± 61*	2033 ± 64	2133 ± 65*
${\dot{V}}_{O_{2} peak}$ (mL min⁻¹ kg⁻¹)	30.6 ± 0.8	34.1 ± 1.1*	31.9 ± 1.3	34.1 ± 1.3*
Peak (RER)	1.28 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.04	1.29 ± 0.02	1.26 ± 0.03
Peak workload (W)	199 ± 6	224 ± 6*	194 ± 4	209 ± 5*
Peak heart rate (beats min^–1)	178 ± 2	175 ± 2*	174 ± 2	171 ± 2*
Hematocrit (%)	37.0 ± 0.7	36.4 ± 0.7	36.9 ± 0.6	36.2 ± 0.7
Oestradiol (nmol L⁻¹)	0.49 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.09	0.09 ± 0.01#	0.09 ± 0.01#
Progesterone (nmol L⁻¹)	6.4 ± 2.7	–	0.9 ± 0.1#	–
FSH (IU L⁻¹)	12.0 ± 2.8	–	91.5 ± 6.1#	–
LH (IU L⁻¹)	17.0 ± 2.9	–	34.7 ± 5.0#	–
Testosterone (nmol L⁻¹)	0.77 ± 0.08	–	0.64 ± 0.07	–
Fasting glucose (mg dL⁻¹)	5.3 ± 0.1	5.3 ± 0.1	5.2 ± 0.1	5.1 ± 0.1
Total cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)	4.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.1*	5.5 ± 0.2#	5.4 ± 0.1*, #
HDL‐cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)	1.6 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.1#	2.0 ± 0.1#
LDL‐cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)	2.9 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 0.1*	3.2 ± 0.2#	3.1 ± 0.2*, #
Triglycerides (mmol L⁻¹)	0.83 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.07	0.87 ± 0.07	0.81 ± 0.06

Values are the mean ± SE. RER, respiratory exchange ratio; FSH: follicle‐stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in the femoral artery. ^*Significant change (P < 0.05) with training; ^#significantly different (P < 0.05) from premenopausal at that time point.