Table 4.
Behavior group vs. elephant.
| Sally | Nandi | Thandi | Keisha | Mashudu | Thato | Shungu | Totalc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk out | 49 (27a) | 47 (39) | 51 (29) | 87 (35) | 61 (32) | 31 (23) | 106 (33) | 432 (32) |
| Trunk to human | 106 (58) | 38 (31) | 60 (34) | 106 (43) | 82 (43) | 55 (41) | 114 (36) | 561 (41) |
| Trunk to object | 17 (9) | 12 (10) | 15 (9) | 8 (3) | 9 (5) | 10 (8) | 13 (4) | 84 (6) |
| Seeking | 3 (2) | 18 (15) | 35 (20) | 28 (11) | 33 (17) | 22 (17) | 74 (23) | 213 (16) |
| Prolonged contact | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (3) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 10 (8) | 5 (2) | 26 (2) |
| Other | 8 (4) | 6 (5) | 10 (6) | 14 (6) | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | 6 (2) | 52 (4) |
| Totalb | 183 | 121 | 176 | 248 | 189 | 133 | 318 | 1,368 |
aNumbers in bolded parentheses are percentages of each behavior group out of total interactions that the elephant exhibited, not always 100% due to rounding.
bBehavior totals, adjusted for time on test differ significantly among animals (p < 0.0001).
cTotals differ significantly across all behaviors (p < 0.0001) or across four most common behaviors (trunk out through seeking, p < 0.0001).