Table 1.

Sociodemographic and clinical variables. Values represent averages ± SD unless otherwise stated

	Low Managerial Experience N = 52	High Managerial Experience N = 16	p-value*
Age	71.3 ± 6.0	68.6 ± 6.3	0.126
Gender (M/F count)*	13/39	7/9	0.210
Education (years)	12.60 ± 3.8	14.69 ± 3.2	0.052
MMSE	27.5 ± 1.4	27.9 ± 1.2	0.293
ADAS-COG	8.1 ± 3.4	6.6 ± 3.1	0.114
Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)	0.23 ± 0.32	0.15 ± 0.40	0.429
Physical Activities Score	9.3 ± 4.0	10.7 ± 3.7	0.235
Geriatric Depression Scale	1.1 ± 1.3	1.6 ± 1.6	0.211
Hypertension (%)*	44.2	18.8	0.083
Diabetes Type II (%)*	7.7	6.3	1.000
Hypercholesterolemia (%)*	28.8	25.0	1.000
Young Adulthood Subtotal	29.3 ± 9.6	32.9 ± 7.5	0.180
Mid Life Subtotal	32.5 ± 10.3	38.6 ± 10.4	0.056
Late Life Subtotal	24.7 ± 6.2	26.3 ± 4.5	0.412
Late Life Social Engagement	7.08 ± 1.35	7.98 ± 0.86	0.031^
Total LEQ	86.2 ± 20.9	96.8 ± 16.7	0.109
Annual Income*
Hi (>$30 K)	38.8 %	33.3 %	0.867
Mid ($15 k ~ $30 k)	26.5 %	33.3 %
Low (<$15 K)	34.7 %	33.3 %
Job Classification*
Managers and Administrators	1.9 %	12.5 %	0.251
Professionals	38.5 %	62.5 %
Tradespersons and related works	9.6 %	6.3 %
advanced clerical and service workers	3.9 %	6.3 %
clerical, sales and service workers	30.8 %	12.5 %
elementary clerical, sales & service workers	9.6 %	0 %
Labourers and related workers	5.8 %	0 %

* Fisher’s Exact Chi-Square Test for non-parametric comparisons, otherwise T-test procedure applied

^ p < 0.05