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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 28.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2013 Dec 18;129(3):e28–e292. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80

Table 24-2.

Costs of Total CVD in Billions of Dollars by Age and Sex: United States, 2010

Total Sex
Age, y
Male Female <65 ≥65
Direct 193.4 96.4 97.0 95.4 98.0
Indirect mortality 122.0 89.6 32.4 105.0 17.0
Total 315.4 186.0 129.4 200.4 115.0

Numbers may not add to total because of rounding.

CVD indicates cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2010 (direct costs), mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, present value of lifetime earnings from the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco, and hourly compensation data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (indirect costs).

All estimates prepared by Michael Mussolino, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.