Figure 3.

Summary illustration of Au NPs for modulation of nerve electrical activity. (a) Schematic representation of laser-induced activation of cells incubated with Au NPs (reproduced with permission from [73]); (b) Schematic representation of a whole-cell patch clamp recording for optically-stimulated neurons (reproduced with permission from [10]); (c) Schematic representation of optically-stimulated rat sciatic nerves injected with Au NRs (reproduced with permission from [11]); (d) Schematic representation of localized heating of TRPV1 channels with NIR excitation of Au NRs (reproduced with permission from [9]).