Biological models
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
K28 |
Model for the study of proteins, lipids, and mechanisms required on endocytosis and retrograde trafficking in A/B toxins (as Ricin, Shiga, and Cholera toxins) |
[166] |
Biotyping
|
Killer strains panel |
- |
Fingerprinting and clustering yeast strains (genera Debaryomyces, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces) by use of killer toxin sensitive patterns |
[167] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
- |
Typing S. cerevisiae strain by combined use of RAPD and killer toxin sensitivity patterns |
[168] |
Cryptococcus laurentii (CBS 139) |
- |
Biotyping varieties of Cryptococcus neomorfans (var. neoformans and var. gattii) by differential killer toxin sensitivity patterns |
[169] |
Killer strains panel |
- |
Combined use of mtDNA-RFLP patterns and killer toxin biotype to study wine S. cerevisiae strain diversity in different viticulture regions |
[170] |
Killer strains panel |
- |
Fingerprinting of Saccharomyces wine yeast by differential killer sensitivity |
[171] |
Pichia mrakii |
K9 |
Use Pichia genera killer toxins to differentiate members belonging to the Nocardia asteroides complex (N. asteroides, N. farcinica, and N. nova) |
[172] |
Pichia lynferdii |
K76 |
Killer strains panel |
- |
Use of toxins produced by a selected panel of killer yeast to discriminate strains belonging to genus Candida by their killer sensitive patterns |
[173] |
Antimycotics for the treatment of human infections
|
Pichia anomala |
PaKT |
Using killer toxin-like anti-idiotypic antibodies of P. anomala killer toxin (PaKT-antilds) to treat treating human Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. |
[174] |
Zygosaccharomyces bailii |
Zygocin |
Antifungal effect of Zygocin, a killer toxin produced by Z. bailii, on a broad-spectrum of sensitive fungal cells (Candida, Pichia, Hanseniaspora, Fusarium genera) |
[104] |
Kodamaea ohmeri (HB55 and HB88) |
- |
Inhibition of C. neoformans (vars. neoformans, grubii and gattii), both clinical and environmental isolates, by two Brazilian yeasts selected for being able to inhibit human pathogenic fungi |
[175] |
Filobasidium capsuligenum |
Fc-1 |
Use of a novel toxin with activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. neoformans, as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cryptococcosis |
[176] |
Pichia anomala |
K10 MAbs |
Apply of antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies (KT MAbs) from P. anomala against Aspergillus fumigatus.
|
[177] |
Williopsis mrakii var. mrakii (IFO 0895) |
HM-1 |
Activity of the killer toxin HM-1 from W. markii var. mrakii (formerly known as Hansenula mrakii) against Candida genus yeasts |
[147] |
W. saturnus var. mrakii (MUCL 41968) |
WmKT |
Application of killer toxin (WmKT) secreted by W. saturnus var. mrakii, which is active against a wide range of pathogens. |
[178] |
Antimycotics for treatment of animal infections
|
Kluyveromyces siamensis (HN12-1) |
- |
Use of a killer toxin of K. siamensis against Metschnikowia bicuspidata WCY, agent for the milky disease in crab |
[179] |
Pichia anomala (YF07b) |
- |
Apply of a killer toxin produced by the marine yeast P. anomala, against pathogenic yeast cells in crab, artemia, and shrimp |
[68] |
Prevention of contaminants in fermentation industries
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
- |
Effect of killer strains of S. cerevisiae on the growth of sensitive strains during wine fermentation, to improve the selected wine strain implantation. Sparkling wines quality improvement |
[180,181] |
Kluyveromyces phaffii (DBVPG 6076) |
- |
Use of K. phaffii killer toxin to control apiculate spoilage wine yeast (Hanseniaspora uvarum) |
[182] |
Torulaspora delbrueckii (NPCC 1033) |
TdKT |
Application of a novel killer toxin (TdKT) from T. delbrueckii as a biocontrol tool in winemaking against different wine spoilage yeasts |
[9] |
Ustilago maydis (CYC 1410) |
- |
Use of U. maydis toxins for the biocontrol of Brettanomyces bruxellensis for the reduction of aroma defects caused by this spoilage yeast |
[10] |
Candida nodaensis (PYCC 3198) |
CnKT |
Application of CnKT in the preservation of salt-fermented foods, because of its high stability to salinity |
[45] |
D. hansenii, K. marxianus, P. anomala, P. guilliermondii, S. cerevisiae
|
- |
Control of olive table fermentation by the selection of killer yeast and their toxins which are able to suppress indigenous spoilage yeast growth |
[86] |
Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus
|
- |
Use of W. saturnus var. saturnus to inhibit spoilage yeast, as S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus, as a biopreservative agent on cheese making (in laboratory conditions) |
[183] |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus (D2) |
PiKT |
Application of KwKT killer toxin produced by K. wickerhamii and PiKT produced by W. anomalus killer against B. bruxellensis during wine fermentation. |
[184] |
Kluyveromyces wickerhamii (D15) |
KwKT |
Candida pyralidae (IWBT Y1140) |
CpKT1 |
Control of B. bruxellensis by C. pyralidae killer toxin in wine fermentation. |
[185] |
Pichia membranifaciens |
PMKT |
Use of PMKT to control Zygosaccharomyces spp. contamination in winemaking. |
[186] |
Wine quality improvement
|
S. cerevisiae (AWRI 796) |
K2 |
Interaction of S. cerevisiae killer strain (AWRI 796) and sensitive strain (Tyr 303) to accelerate the autolysis in the sparkling wine production to improve the final wine quality |
[187] |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS 1982, CBS5759) |
- |
Application of W. anomalus and S. cerevisiae in a mixed culture to positively influence chemical composition (higher amounts of polyphenol compounds and lower amounts of malic acid) and sensory features of produced apple wines |
[188] |
Biological control
|
Kluyveromyces lactis (PCK27) |
- |
Use of killer strain K. lactis PCK27, to inhibit P. anomala, aerobic spoilage yeast in silage making |
[144] |
Williopsis mrakii |
Mycocin HMK |
Utilization of killer toxin HMK of W. mrakii, expressed in Aspergillus niger, to control both silage spoilage and yoghurt spoilage caused by yeasts |
[90] |