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. 2017 Apr 13;9(4):136. doi: 10.3390/toxins9040136

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Quantitative analysis of binding affinities between Western CagA, containing varying numbers of EPIYA-C segments, and its targets SHP2 and PAR1b. (a) Based on their binding affinities to SHP2, Western CagA species are classified into two groups. Type I CagA refers to low-affinity CagA, which contains only a single copy of EPIYA-C motif. Type II CagA refers to high-affinity CagA species, which contain variably duplicated EPIYA-C repeats (Adapted and modified from [46]); (b) Increase in the number of CM motifs per CagA molecule exponentially enhances PAR1b-binding activity (Adapted and modified from [47]); (c) A conceptual graph depicting how the increase in the copy numbers of EPIYA-C and CM motifs synergistically contribute to the pro-oncogenic potential of Western CagA.