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Sympathetic system is defective in active multiple sclerosis (MS). An altered low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio with significantly lower LF power and higher HF power was found in the gadolinium (Gd)+ group compared to the Gd– group and healthy controls (HCs). Active MS was also associated with greater sympathetic reactivity. *P < 0.05 with respect to HCs.
