Impact of reducing endogenous S protein expression or providing extra L or S protein to HBV virion secretion from the 1.1mer construct. (A) The A152T mutation was introduced to clones of genotype B or genotype C to reduce S protein expression. Both the parental constructs and site-directed mutants were transfected to Huh7 cells. (B) Huh7 cells in 6-well plates were transfected with 1 µg of the 1.1mer genotype B or genotype C clone, together with 0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 µg of 0.7mer expression construct for L protein. Variable amounts of pUC18 DNA were added to make the total amount of DNA be 2 µg. (C) Huh7 cells in 6-well plates were transfected with 1 µg of the 1.1mer genotype B or genotype C clone, together with 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 µg of 0.7mer expression construct for S protein, as well as variable amounts of pUC18 DNA for a total of 2 µg. For all three panels, shown from top are intracellular replicative DNA, virion DNA, calculated virion secretion efficiency (from three transfection experiments), and secreted HBsAg (averaged from three transfection experiments; 1:300 dilution for panel A; 1:100 dilution for panel B; 1:500 dilution for panel C).