Skip to main content
. 2017 Mar 30;9(4):64. doi: 10.3390/v9040064

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)/TNF receptor (TNFR)-mediated cell signaling. The binding of TNF to TNFRs leads to the recruitment of adaptor proteins—TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD), Fas-Associated death domain (FADD), TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF), and receptor interacting protein (RIP)—that activates several signaling cascades leading to the activation of transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1 among others) and/or caspase cascades. COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; FADD: Fas-associated death domain; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IκB: NF-κB inhibitor; IKK: IκB kinase; Il: Interleukin; NFκB: Nuclear factor-κB; TACE: TNF-α converting enzyme; TRAF2: TNFR-associated factor 2; TRADD: TNFR-associated death domain.