. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Health Psychol. 2016 Sep 8;35(11):1264–1275. doi: 10.1037/hea0000294

Table 4.

Pooled effect sizes for anticipated regret by moderators

Moderator	Predictor Anticipated Regret	k	Outcome Intentions r₊	Difference in r₊ p	k	Outcome Behavior r₊	Difference in r₊ p
Consequence
Disease	Action	16	−.36^**	--	7	−.22^**	--
Death	Action	12	−.55^**	<.001	12	−.37^**	.06
Disease	Inaction	42	.52^**	--	25	.31^**	--
Death	Inaction	11	.53^**	.82	4	.17	.13
Delay to Consequence
Shorter	Action	13	−.53^**	--	7	−.37^**	--
Longer	Action	15	−.37^**	.003	12	−.22^**	.06
Shorter	Inaction	13	.46^**	--	3	.22^**	--
Longer	Inaction	40	.54^**	.15	26	.30^**	.11
Frequency of Behavior
Infrequent	Action	9	−.29^**	--	6	−.18^*	--
Frequent	Action	19	−.52^**	<.001	13	−.32^**	.09
Infrequent	Inaction	26	.56^**	--	16	.28^**	--
Frequent	Inaction	27	.48^**	.05	13	.30^**	.78
Type of Behavior
Health behavior	Action	9	−.29^**	--	6	−.18^*	--
Risk behavior	Action	19	−.52^**	<.001	13	−.32^**	.09
Health behavior	Inaction	50	.53^**	--	28	.30^**	--
Risk behavior	Inaction	3	.31	.41	1	.20^*	.28
Measurement of AR
Multiple items, AR°	Action	3	−.64^**	--	3	−.50^**	--
Single item, AR°	Action	9	−.29^**	<.001	7	−.17^*	<.001
Multiple items, AR⁺	Action	15	−.50^**	.002	7	−.30^**	.005
Multiple items, AR°	Inaction	8	.58^**	--	4	.36^*	--
Single item, AR°	Inaction	12	.45^**	.04	11	.26^**	.50
Multiple items, AR⁺	Inaction	31	.54^**	.68	13	.32^**	.78

Note: No studies measured anticipated negative emotion with a single item, as our meta-analysis included only studies that measured anticipated regret. AR° = anticipated regret only. AR⁺ = anticipated regret and other negative emotions.

p<.05;

^**

p<.001