Table 3. Associations of cord blood folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations with kidney outcomes at the age of 6 years (N = 2,674).
| Difference in outcome measure (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cord blood concentrations | Combined kidney volume (cm3) | eGFRcreat (ml/min/1.73m2) | eGFRcystC (ml/min/1.73m2) | Microalbuminuria (odds ratio) |
| Folate | ||||
| Confounder Model | 0.36 (-0.46, 1.18) N = 2,384 |
0.41 (-0.36, 1.17) N = 1,753 |
0.51 (-0.19, 1.22) N = 1,753 |
0.97 (0.83, 1.13) N = 2,517 |
| Homocysteine Model | 0.74 (-0.12, 1.59) N = 2,308 |
0.30 (-0.50, 1.10) N = 1,702 |
0.31 (-0.43, 1.06) N = 1,702 |
1.00 (0.85, 1.17) N = 2,439 |
| Kidney size Model | 0.37 (-0.39, 1.14) N = 1,625 |
0.48(-0.24, 1.20) N = 1,625 |
0.97 (0.82, 1.14) N = 2,306 |
|
| Vitamin B12 | ||||
| Confounder Model | -0.47 (-1.27, 0.34) N = 2,413 |
-0.52 (-1.28, 0.25) N = 1,776 |
0.35 (-0.36, 1.05) N = 1,776 |
0.99 (0.84, 1.15) N = 2,548 |
| Homocysteine Model | -0.05 (-0.90, 0.80) N = 2,271 |
-0.76 (-1.56, 0.05) N = 1,674 |
0.17 (-0.58, 0.92) N = 1,674 |
1.00 (0.85, 1.17) N = 2,403 |
| Kidney size Model | -0.48 (-1.25, 0.29) N = 1,645 |
0.42 (-0.30, 1.14) N = 1,645 |
1.00 (0.85, 1.18) N = 2,335 |
|
| Homocysteine | ||||
| Confounder Model |
1.27 (0.46, 2.08)** N = 2,311 |
-0.74 (-1.53, 0.06) N = 1,705 |
-1.02 (-1.76, -0.28)** N = 1,705 |
1.09 (0.95, 1.26) N = 2,443 |
| Kidney size Model |
-0.91 (-1.71, -0.12)* N = 1,579 |
-1.14 (-1.89, -0.39)** N = 1,579 |
1.09 (0.93, 1.27) N = 2,236 |
|
Values are linear and logistic regression coefficients (95% confidence interval). Confounder model is adjusted for maternal characteristics (age, body mass index before pregnancy, blood pressure in late pregnancy, ethnicity, education, vitamins supplementation, smoking and alcohol consumption, energy intake during pregnancy), and child characteristics (birthweight, gestational age, sex, breastfeeding, age and body surface area at the age of 6year visit). Homocysteine model is confounder model additionally adjusted for homocysteine concentrations at birth. Kidney size model is confounder model additionally adjusted for child combined kidney volume. *p < 0.05, **p<0.01. Cord blood folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations were analyzed per 1 standard deviation in folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Abbreviations: eGFRcreat, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine concentrations; eGFRcystC, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C concentrations.