Table 1.

List of the Multiple Clinical Aspects of Manic-Depressive Illness

1. Manic episodes

2. Depressive episodes

3. Mixed episodes

4. Subthreshold manic symptoms

5. Subthreshold depressive symptoms

6. ‘Mixed’ states and ‘roughening’

7. Mood lability/cyclothymia/’personality-like’ behavior

8. Predominant polarity

9. Frequency of episodes/rapid cycling

10. Psychotic features

11. Neurocognitive disorder

12. Functional deficit and disability

13. Drug/alcohol abuse

14. Comorbid anxiety and other mental disorders

15. Self-destructive behavior and suicidality