Figure 2.

Aripiprazole C_min,ss after monthly injections of aripiprazole 400 mg at the deltoid site and comparison with historical data from the gluteal site. Steady-state concentration data for the deltoid site are from the multiple-dose study following the fifth injection, with gluteal/deltoid and deltoid/deltoid administration groups combined. Historical data are from patients with schizophrenia in a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, 52-week study (Kane et al., 2012); a phase 3, randomized, active-controlled 38-week study (Fleischhacker et al., 2014); and a phase 1, open-label, parallel-arm, multiple-dose, 24-week study (Mallikaarjun et al., 2013). Boxes span the 25th and 75th percentiles with a thick horizontal bar at the median. Error bars denote the 10th and 90th percentiles. Dashed horizontal lines represent the therapeutic window (i.e., the median simulated C_min,ss for oral aripiprazole 10 mg/d [94.0 ng/mL] and the 75th percentile of the simulated C_max,ss for oral aripiprazole 30 mg/d [534 ng/mL]) based on population pharmacokinetic (PK) simulations of once-daily oral aripiprazole (Raoufinia et al., 2015). Points represent individual outliers below the 10th and above the 90th percentiles. C_max,ss=maximum plasma concentration at steady state; C_min,ss=minimum plasma concentration at steady state.